This volume compiles the latest research on learning and teaching Polish as a foreign and second language among Ukrainian migrants and refugees. The authors address the growing necessity for developing both theoretical frameworks and practical solutions to facilitate efficient language acquisition and acculturation amidst the unprecedented inflow of migrants resulting from the ongoing conflict in Ukraine. The research presented in this volume marks an important initial step in recognizing and analyzing the diverse needs of individuals with migrant and refugee experiences. Furthermore, it offers new perspectives that pave the way for future advancements in the field of Polish language education.